Principles Followed by Chinese Trademarks:
Chinese trademarks follow the principles of voluntary registration and first - to - file. Unregistered trademarks are not protected by relevant laws.

Principles Followed by Trademarks in Other Major Countries:
The United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and India follow the principle of first - to - use.
The European Union, Japan, and South Korea follow the principle of first - to - file.

In countries where the principle of first - to - file is applied, once a trademark is preemptively registered by others, all promotion and publicity efforts are in vain for others. If a trademark is preemptively registered, there is a risk of being required to stop using it and there is a high possibility of facing high compensation.

In countries where the principle of first - to - use is applied, if a trademark is preemptively registered, the prior right can be determined based on the earliest use evidence.

The relationship between the application date and the earliest use date.